Geological Chronicle
Positioned near the northwestern limb of the Moon just west of Oceanus Procellarum, the remnant crater Ulugh Beigh spans 57.04 kilometers across. Seen from Earth, the formation appears foreshortened against the lunar limb. The smaller crater Aston lies farther to the west and Lavoisier lies to the north, both roughly equidistant from Ulugh Beigh, although the oblique viewing angle makes Aston appear closer.
Subsequent impacts have worn away most of the rim, leaving a notched, disintegrated perimeter. Lava resurfacing later flooded the interior, producing a dark floor that shares the albedo of the adjacent mare. The northern section of the crater retains a higher albedo matching the terrain west of the mare, while Ulugh Beigh D lies across the southern floor.
To the northeast, the flooded satellite crater Ulugh Beigh A sits along the edge of Oceanus Procellarum, merging with a smaller crater along its southwest rim. The formation commemorates Mīrzā Muhammad bin Shāhrukh, popularly known as Uluğ Bey, the Timurid ruler and science patron who supported prominent astronomers.