Geological Chronicle
Positioned in the Moon's northeastern quadrant, Bürg forms a sharp, nearly circular bowl measuring 41.04 kilometers across. The impact sits within the lava-flooded, ruined crater structure of Lacus Mortis, flanked by the crater pair Plana and Mason toward the south and southeast, and by Eudoxus beyond the basin wall to the west.
Bürg displays relatively little rim erosion, and its slopes exhibit an extremely high rockfall density by lunar standards. At its center stands a prominent mountain whose reflective spectra match a noritic gabbro composition derived from an original crustal depth between 3.9 and 5.8 kilometers. Observers have noted a small pit resembling a crater along the mountain crest.
Rays thrown out from Bürg extend across Mare Serenitatis, placing the formation within the Copernican System. To the west, a rille system designated Rimae Bürg spans roughly 100 kilometers.
The crater is named for Johann Tobias Bürg, an Austrian astronomer who discovered the companion star of Antares during an 1819 occultation. J. H. von Mädler introduced the name into lunar nomenclature in 1837, and the International Astronomical Union adopted it officially in 1935.